{ "dataset": "vehicle", "license": "LawLert Open Law Data — CC BY 4.0. Attribute to \"LawLert (https://www.lawlertapp.com)\". General legal information from official sources, not legal advice. Verify against the linked official source before relying on it.", "generated": "2026-08-13T22:22:26.503Z", "count": 561, "rules": [ { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Alaska, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Alaska has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Alaska sets no statutory vehicle ride-height or suspension/frame lift limit; general motor-vehicle equipment-safety requirements apply under the Alaska Administrative Code, 13 AAC 04 (motor-vehicle equipment).", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/aac.asp?media=print&secStart=13.04.272&secEnd=13.04.272", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Alaska requires only a rear plate: since August 2022, passenger vehicles display one plate on the rear and no front plate is required. The front-plate rule applies only to commercial vehicles over 10,001 pounds (AS 28.10.171).", "source_url": "https://dmv.alaska.gov/vehicle-services/license-plates/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On multilane roads, Alaska requires you to move out of the lane nearest a stopped emergency, fire, police, tow, maintenance, road-service or animal-control vehicle that has its lights flashing. If you can't change lanes, slow down.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=28.35.185&secEnd=28.35.185", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Alaska has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/statutesPDF/Title-28.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal seasonally: Sep 16–Apr 30 north of 60°N, Oct 1–Apr 14 south of 60°N — 13 AAC 04.110 / Alaska DOT&PF.", "source_url": "https://dot.alaska.gov/gen_travelinfo.shtml", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Your front side windows — driver and front passenger — must let at least 70% of light through. On the windshield you may only have a non-reflective strip across the top, no more than 5 inches deep. (13 AAC 04.223)", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/aac.asp?media=print&secStart=13.04.223&secEnd=13.04.223", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No state statute authorizes photo speed/red-light enforcement; AS Title 28 requires citations by a peace officer. Anchorage charter (1997) bars camera tickets.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/statutesPDF/Title-28.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required for riders under 18, passengers, and instruction-permit holders; licensed adults 18+ exempt. AS 28.35.245.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=28.35.245&secEnd=28.35.245", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a working muffler or other effective noise-suppressing system, and it has to be operating at all times. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited, and so is any exhaust change that makes the vehicle louder than the muffler it was originally built with. Alaska sets no fixed decibel limit. Altering an exhaust particle emission system to make it less effective is also prohibited (13 AAC 04.215).", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/aac.asp?media=print&secStart=13.04.215&secEnd=13.04.215", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Alaska bans texting and the use of screen devices while driving. Adult drivers are exempt when making handheld voice calls (Alaska Stat. 28.35.161).", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=28.35.161&secEnd=28.35.161", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order, operating at all times. Muffler cutouts, bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler), and devices with no baffles are prohibited, and excessive noise or annoying smoke and fumes are barred. Alabama sets no fixed decibel limit (Ala. Code § 32-5-216).", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5-216", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Under the John Hubbard Move Over Act, Alabama requires you to move over a lane for stopped police, emergency, wrecker, utility, and garbage or recycling vehicles, and for maintenance, construction or survey vehicles showing flashing lights. If you can't move over, slow to 15 mph below the posted limit. On a two-lane road, move over within your lane and slow to 15 mph below the limit, or to 10 mph if the limit is 20 mph or less (Ala. Code §32-5A-58.2). A violation is a misdemeanor: $200 for a first offense, $250 for a second and $300 for a third, plus a 90-day license suspension on a third offense.", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5A-58.2", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 32% of light through, and measurements allow a 3% margin. On the windshield, only the top 6 inches may be tinted, and that tint must be transparent. (Ala. Code 32-5C-2)", "source_url": "https://www.alea.gov/dps/highway-patrol/alabama-tinting-regulations", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No statewide ban; photo enforcement is local-option, authorized city-by-city by special local act (Montgomery, Tuscaloosa, etc.).", "source_url": "https://www.dot.state.al.us/publications/Design/pdf/TrafficSafetyOp/RedLightRunningCameraImplementationGuide.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No specific statutory bumper/frame ride-height or lift limit; only the general 13 1/2-ft (13 ft 6 in) overall vehicle height limit, including load, applies — Ala. Code § 32-9-20(a)(1).", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-9-20", "verified_at": "2026-07-24" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Tire studs, spikes, cleats, or other non-rubber protuberances projecting beyond the tread are prohibited, except metal studded or safety-spike tires (and tire chains) of reasonable proportions are permitted when required for safety because of snow, rain, or other conditions tending to cause a vehicle to slide or skid — Ala. Code § 32-5-210(b).", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5-210", "verified_at": "2026-07-24" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Alabama has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Alabama bans texting and distracted use while driving. Just holding the phone is not banned statewide on its own — distracted driving has to be observed (Ala. Code 32-5A-350.1).", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2023RS/SB301-enr.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "All motorcycle operators and passengers must wear a helmet, regardless of age. Code of Ala. 32-5A-245.", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5A-245", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Alabama requires only a rear plate: a single license plate must be displayed and plainly visible on the rear, and no front plate is required (Ala. Code §32-6-51). A violation is a misdemeanor carrying a fine of up to $500 plus a driving prohibition of 60 days to 6 months.", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-6-51", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Alabama, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Alabama has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 21. Ark. Code 27-20-104.", "source_url": "https://ardot.gov/wp-content/uploads/Arkansas-Motor-Vehicle-2025-508-compliant.pdf#page=573", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a factory-spec muffler in good order. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are banned, along with any device that produces excessive noise or smoke. Arkansas sets no fixed decibel limit (Ark. Code § 27-37-601).", "source_url": "https://ardot.gov/wp-content/uploads/Arkansas-Motor-Vehicle-2025-508-compliant.pdf#page=715", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Automated speed enforcement is barred except in a school zone, at a railroad crossing, or in a highway work zone (A.C.A. 27-52-110, 27-52-111). Even then a certified law enforcement officer must issue the citation to the violator at the time of the violation. Arkansas Highway Police enforcing motor-carrier laws are exempt.", "source_url": "https://ardot.gov/wp-content/uploads/Arkansas-Motor-Vehicle-2025-508-compliant.pdf#page=796", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Arkansas, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Arkansas has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal studded tires permitted Nov 15–Apr 15 only; studs may not protrude over 1/16 inch — Ark. Code 27-37-402.", "source_url": "https://ardot.gov/wp-content/uploads/Arkansas-Motor-Vehicle-2025-508-compliant.pdf#page=713", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "In Arkansas, texting and social-media use while driving is banned for all drivers (A.C.A. 27-51-1504). Drivers under 18 may not use a wireless device at all; drivers 18–20 are hands-free only. All drivers — including adults — are additionally barred from using a wireless device when passing a school building or school zone during school hours when children are present (27-51-1605) and in a highway work zone (27-51-1606).", "source_url": "https://ardot.gov/wp-content/uploads/Arkansas-Motor-Vehicle-2025-508-compliant.pdf#page=784", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Arkansas has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Arkansas bans \"squatted\" vehicles: the front bumper can't sit 4 in or more higher than the rear (Act 492 of 2025). A general overall-height limit also applies. (Ark. Code §27-35-214; §27-35-207.)", "source_url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=492.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "In practice, most Arkansas drivers display a rear plate only, because the state issues just one plate for most passenger vehicles and a single plate goes on the rear. By statute, though, a motor vehicle other than a motorcycle must display one plate on the front and one on the rear, and if two plates were issued both must be displayed (A.C.A. 27-14-716(a)(1)).", "source_url": "https://ardot.gov/wp-content/uploads/Arkansas-Motor-Vehicle-2025-508-compliant.pdf#page=438", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "On 1994 and newer vehicles, front side windows must let at least 25% of light through. Windshield tint is limited to a strip across the top, no more than 5 inches deep. (Ark. Code 27-37-306)", "source_url": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Arkansas requires you to move to the farthest lane or position away from any authorized vehicle stopped or parked on a street, road, highway or shoulder, and to stay there until you have safely passed. It covers not just emergency vehicles but Arkansas Department of Transportation vehicles, utility vehicles, tow trucks and other authorized vehicles displaying flashing, revolving or rotating blue, red, amber, white or green lights. If changing lanes is unsafe or impossible, reduce speed to suit conditions. Violators face fines of $250 to $1,000, possible jail time, and potential loss of driving privileges.", "source_url": "https://dps.arkansas.gov/news/asp-urges-motorists-to-move-over-for-first-responders/", "verified_at": "2026-07-29" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Ariz. Rev. Stat. 28-964.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00964.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Arizona, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Arizona has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a working muffler. A muffler cutout or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited, and excessive fumes or smoke are barred. A violation carries a civil penalty. Arizona sets no fixed decibel limit (A.R.S. § 28-955).", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00955.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-23" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Photo speed & red-light enforcement allowed statewide; state law (Title 28, 28-1602) governs photo-enforcement citations. Many cities operate cameras.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/01602.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Arizona bans handheld use for all drivers — hands-free is required instead. See Ariz. Rev. Stat. 28-914.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00914.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal studded tires permitted Oct 1–May 1 only; studs limited to 3% of tread contact area — Ariz. Rev. Stat. 28-958.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00958.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let 33% of light through, with a 3% margin allowed, and the tint can't reflect more than 35% of light (also a 3% margin). Windshield tint is allowed only across the top — above a line 29 inches up from the driver's seat, measured with the seat empty — and it can't be red or amber. (A.R.S. 28-959.01)", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00959-01.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Arizona has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/arsDetail/?title=28", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "When you approach a stopped vehicle with its lights flashing — police, fire, ambulance, tow, and Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) or maintenance vehicles — Arizona requires you to move into a lane that isn't next to it if you can. If you can't, slow down.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00775.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No bumper/frame height or lift limit; only 13 ft 6 in overall height (ARS §28-1094) and tire-coverage (fender/mudguard) rule under ARS §28-964 apply.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/01094.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Arizona requires only a rear plate: a single plate is attached to the rear, and no front plate is required (A.R.S. §28-2354).", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/02354.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar and laser jammers are banned in California — it is illegal to use one, to have one, or to sell one (Cal. Veh. Code 28150).", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=28150.", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "California requires two plates: when two plates are issued, one must be displayed on the front and one on the rear (Cal. Veh. Code §5200).", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=5200.", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal studded tires permitted Nov 1–Apr 30 only (retractable studs allowed year-round) — Cal. Veh. Code 27454.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=27454", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On California freeways, move into a lane that isn't next to a stopped emergency vehicle, tow truck, or Caltrans (California Department of Transportation) vehicle displaying flashing lights. If changing lanes isn't safe, slow down instead.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=21809.&lawCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "All motorcycle drivers and passengers must wear a safety helmet, regardless of age. Cal. Veh. Code 27803.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=27803.&lawCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — California has no state ban on them. Rules against blocking your view through the windshield may still apply to where you mount it.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "California limits how high the frame can sit, based on the vehicle's weight class. Max frame height: 23 in for a passenger car, 27 in up to 4,500 lb, 30 in up to 7,500 lb, and 31 in up to 10,000 lb. The body floor can sit no more than 5 in above the frame. (Cal. Veh. Code §24008.5.)", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=24008.5", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Red-light cameras at local option; speed cameras only via AB 645 pilot in 6 cities (LA, Glendale, Long Beach, SF, San Jose, Oakland) thru 2032.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB645", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 70% of light through, so only clear, colorless film is legal — the film itself passes 88% of light, and 70% once combined with the glass, under the federal glass standard (FMVSS 205). On the windshield, tint is allowed only across the very top, with its bottom edge at least 29 inches above the driver's seat measured with the seat empty; it can't be red or amber, and it can't add glare. (Cal. Veh. Code 26708)", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=26708.&lawCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-07-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "California bans handheld phone use for all drivers — you can only use your phone hands-free. See Calif. Veh. Code 23123.5.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=23123.5.&lawCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs an adequate muffler, and you can't run a cutout or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler). Vehicles under 6,000 pounds are capped at 95 decibels, measured by the SAE J1169 test. Any aftermarket exhaust has to be legal under California Air Resources Board (CARB) rules (Cal. Veh. Code §§ 27150-27151, 27156).", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=27150", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Colorado sets no specific bumper-height number, but you generally can't alter the suspension from the maker's design except to state specs (heavy-duty shocks and springs are fine). (C.R.S. §42-4-233.)", "source_url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf#page=403", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 27% of light through. The windshield must let at least 70% through, and only the top 4 inches may carry non-reflective tint. (C.R.S. 42-4-227)", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs an adequate muffler. A cutoff or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited, and so is any exhaust change that raises noise above the stock level. Colorado sets no fixed decibel limit for passenger cars (C.R.S. § 42-4-225).", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2023-title-42.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-22" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Colorado bans handheld mobile device use for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead. The ban took effect in 2025 (SB24-065, Colo. Rev. Stat. 42-4-239).", "source_url": "https://www.codot.gov/safety/distracteddriving/colorado-hands-free-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Red-light cameras and photo speed radar legal statewide (local-option); photo radar limited to school/residential/work zones & park-adjacent streets. No license points.", "source_url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/content/speed-photo-radar-and-red-light-cameras-automated-vehicle-identification-systems", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Colorado requires two plates: vehicles other than motorcycles must display one plate in front and one in the rear (C.R.S. §42-3-202).", "source_url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar and laser jamming devices are prohibited in Colorado, and a violation is a class 2 misdemeanor traffic offense (C.R.S. 42-4-1415).", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/colorado-revised-statutes", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Colorado has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/colorado-revised-statutes", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Colo. Rev. Stat. 42-4-1502.", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/colorado-revised-statutes", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded tires legal year-round on passenger vehicles; studs may not project over 1/16 inch — Colo. Rev. Stat. 42-4-228.", "source_url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Colorado requires you to move over at least one lane for any vehicle stopped on the roadside with lights flashing — emergency responders, tow trucks, maintenance vehicles and ordinary passenger vehicles with their hazards on (the law was expanded in 2023). If you cannot move over safely you must slow down: to 25 mph or less in a 40 mph zone, and by at least 20 mph in a 45 mph or higher zone. Failing to move over or slow down is a class 2 misdemeanor traffic offense — a $150 fine and a 3-point license violation.", "source_url": "https://csp.colorado.gov/slow-down-move-over", "verified_at": "2026-07-29" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Connecticut requires two plates: a vehicle issued two plates must display one at the front and one at the rear (Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-18).", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/PS95/rpt/olr/htm/95-R-0068.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Connecticut, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Connecticut has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires - \"tires incorporating a metal nonskid device\" - are allowed only from November 15 through April 30, inclusive. Outside that window no metal part of a wheel or tire may contact the road surface while the vehicle is in motion. Exempt: authorized emergency vehicles, road-making machinery, agricultural tractors crossing a highway, and trucks/trailers operating under a DOT commissioner permit. First offense is an infraction; a subsequent offense is a fine up to $200. (C.G.S. Sec. 14-98.)", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_246.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-28" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through, with a 3% margin allowed. Windshield tint is allowed only above a line 29 inches up from the seat, and it can't be red or amber. (Conn. Gen. Stat. 14-99g)", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_246.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Connecticut has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/titles.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Every vehicle has to be operated, equipped and adjusted so it doesn't make unnecessary or unusual noise, and any vehicle with an internal-combustion engine needs a muffler in good working order that's in use whenever the vehicle is running. You can't install or use a gutted muffler, a muffler cutout, a straight exhaust, or a muffler missing its interior baffle plates — the only exception is a sanctioned race or public exhibition. Maximum noise levels are set by DMV regulation under C.G.S. Sec. 14-80a (C.G.S. Sec. 14-80).", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_246.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-28" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Local-option: 2023 law lets municipalities run red-light & speed cameras only after a public hearing and state DOT plan approval; no statewide deployment.", "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dot/programs/automated-traffic-enforcement-safety-device", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Conn. Gen. Stat. 14-289g.", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_248.htm#sec_14-289g", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Connecticut bans handheld phone use for all drivers — you have to use a hands-free setup instead. See Conn. Gen. Stat. 14-296aa.", "source_url": "https://www.jud.ct.gov/lawlib/law/cellphone.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "In Connecticut, suspension changes can't raise the body more than 4 in above the factory (unladen) height, or drop ground clearance below 4 in. (RCSA §14-137-25, under Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-80.)", "source_url": "https://eregulations.ct.gov/eRegsPortal/Browse/RCSA/Title_14Subtitle_14-137Section_14-137-25/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "In Connecticut, slow below the posted limit and, if it's safe, move over a lane for any stationary emergency vehicle with flashing lights, including maintenance vehicles, wreckers and tow trucks.", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2024/sup/chap_248.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "The District of Columbia requires two plates: a vehicle must display two identification tags, one on the front and one on the rear (DCMR 18-422).", "source_url": "https://dcrules.elaws.us/dcmr/18-422", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar detectors are banned in the District of Columbia — it is illegal to use one or even have one in a vehicle, and illegal to sell them (DCMR 18-736).", "source_url": "https://dcregs.dc.gov/Common/DCMR/SectionList.aspx?SectionNumber=18-736", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in the District of Columbia, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. The District of Columbia has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no one may operate or ride a motorcycle without an approved helmet, any age. 18 DCMR 2215.", "source_url": "https://www.dcregs.dc.gov/Common/DCMR/RuleList.aspx?ChapterNum=18-22", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "In the District of Columbia, when you approach a stopped vehicle showing flashing or hazard lights, change into a lane that isn't next to it if it's safe. If you can't, slow to a speed that is reasonable for conditions (18 DCMR 2210).", "source_url": "https://fems.dc.gov/page/movetotherightdc", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No bumper/frame ride-height or lift limit; rule only requires front/rear bumpers be installed — DCMR Title 18 §733 (Bumpers and Fenders).", "source_url": "https://dcrules.elaws.us/dcmr/18-733", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Both the windshield and the front side windows must let at least 70% of light through. Windshield tint is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top of the windshield — or across the top 5 inches. (D.C. Code 50-2207.02)", "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2207.02", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Broadly authorized: the Mayor may use automated speed and red-light cameras to detect moving infractions; recorded images are prima facie evidence (D.C. Code 50-2209.01).", "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2209.01", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded snow tires permitted Oct 15–Apr 15 only; studs may not project over 1/8 inch — DC DMV / 18 DCMR vehicle equipment rules.", "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/titles/50/chapters/22", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "The District of Columbia requires hands-free driving: you can't use or hold a mobile phone or other wireless device while driving unless you have a hands-free accessory (DC Code 50-1731.04).", "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-1731.04", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "You can't modify your exhaust in a way that pushes noise above the legal limits. D.C. sets decibel caps for vehicles in use in a table — for example, 88 decibels measured at 50 feet (20 DCMR §§ 2811-2812).", "source_url": "https://dcrules.elaws.us/dcmr/20-2811", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On roads with four or more lanes, Delaware requires you to move over a lane — or slow to 20 mph below the posted limit — for stopped emergency, Department of Transportation (DOT), tow, public utility or hazard-flagged vehicles showing lights.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc04/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Delaware has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Photo enforcement authorized: statewide red-light camera program (Title 21 4101 / DelDOT ERLSP) plus work-zone & residence-district speed cameras under 4170A.", "source_url": "https://deldot.gov/Programs/red_light/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "You can't add aftermarket tint to the front side windows at all; they must stay at the federal glass standard (FMVSS 205), which is about 70% light through for factory glass. On the windshield, tint is allowed only above the AS-1 line, the marking near the top. (21 Del. C. 4313)", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c043/sc01/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Delaware requires only a rear plate: the state issues a single plate, displayed on the rear, and no front plate is required (21 Del. C. §2126).", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c021/sc02/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires permitted Oct 15–Apr 15 only — Del. Code tit. 21, 4302.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c043/sc01/index.html#4302", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Delaware caps bumper height at 22 in on a passenger car or wagon, or 30 in on other vehicles (measured to the bottom of the bumper). After a lift, the frame rail can't sit higher than the bumper, and the gap between the body and frame can't exceed 3 in. (21 Del. C. §4318.)", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c043/sc01/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "All riders must possess a helmet; only riders under 19 (and newly-endorsed for 2 yrs) must wear one. 21 Del. C. 4185.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc11/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Delaware bans handheld electronic device use for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead. See 21 Del. C. 4176C.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc09/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Delaware, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Delaware has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good order. Muffler cutouts (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited, and it's also unlawful to sell a gutted muffler, a cutout, or straight pipe. Delaware sets no fixed decibel limit (21 Del. C. § 4311).", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c043/sc01/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-22" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Florida bans texting while driving statewide, and it is a primary offense. Handheld use is banned only in school zones and work zones (Fla. Stat. 316.305 and 316.306).", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2021/316.306", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Florida has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0316/0316.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a working exhaust and muffler, and you can't run a cutout or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler). Exhaust changes that make the vehicle louder than stock are barred. The Department of Environmental Protection can set a decibel limit, but none is currently in force (Fla. Stat. §§ 316.272, 316.293).", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399%2F0316%2FSections%2F0316.272.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 28% of light through, and the tint can't reflect more than 25% of light. Windshield tint must be non-reflective and is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top of the windshield. (Fla. Stat. 316.2953)", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2023/316.2953", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal studs prohibited; only roughened/rubber studs that do not injure the highway are allowed — Fla. Stat. 316.299.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.299.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Florida caps how high bumpers can sit, measured from the ground to the bottom of the bumper, with the cap rising by weight class. Cars: 22-27 in front, 22-29 in rear. Trucks: 24-28 in front, 26-30 in rear. (Fla. Stat. 316.251.)", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/316.251", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Florida requires you to move out of the lane nearest a stopped emergency, sanitation, utility, wrecker, road or construction vehicle, or a disabled vehicle. If that isn't safe, slow to 20 mph below the posted limit.", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/316.126", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Florida, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Florida has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Florida requires only a rear plate: the state issues one plate for passenger cars, displayed on the rear, and no front plate is required (Fla. Stat. §316.605).", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.605.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required under 21; riders 21+ exempt only if covered by $10k+ medical insurance. Fla. Stat. 316.211.", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/0316.211", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Red-light cameras authorized statewide (Mark Wandall Act, 316.0083); school-zone speed cameras at local option since 2023 (316.008(9)). No general-road speed cams.", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2023/316.0083", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Georgia requires you to move over a lane for stopped emergency, towing or recovery, highway-maintenance and utility vehicles with flashing lights. If moving over isn't safe, slow down and be ready to stop.", "source_url": "https://www.gahighwaysafety.org/move-over-law/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 32% of light through, with a 3% margin allowed, and the tint can't reflect more than 20% of light. On the windshield, only the top 6 inches may be tinted, and that tint can't be red or amber. (O.C.G.A. 40-8-73.1)", "source_url": "https://dps.georgia.gov/georgiaaposs-new-window-tint-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Georgia bans handheld use for all drivers under the Hands-Free Georgia Act — hands-free is required instead (O.C.G.A. 40-6-241).", "source_url": "https://www.gahighwaysafety.org/hands-free-law/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Georgia requires only a rear plate: one plate is issued and fastened to the rear, and no front plate is required (O.C.G.A. §40-2-41).", "source_url": "https://gov.georgia.gov/document/2026-signed-legislation/sb-293/download", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Helmet required for every rider — Georgia requires a DOT-compliant motorcycle helmet (labeled with the maker's name/brand, model, DOT, FMVSS No. 218, CERTIFIED); the requirement applies to operators and passengers with no age exemption. Eye or face protection is also required in Georgia. Applies to all motor-driven cycles, including scooters and mini-bikes of 51cc or greater. (O.C.G.A. 40-6-315.)", "source_url": "https://dds.georgia.gov/section-3-you-ride", "verified_at": "2026-07-29" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Every vehicle needs an exhaust system in good working order and running at all times — the piping from the exhaust-manifold flange through the muffler or mufflers and tailpipes, securely fastened, with the point where exhaust exits extending beyond the rear or outside of the passenger compartment. Flexible pipe isn't allowed except on diesel tractors or where the manufacturer's original specifications call for it (O.C.G.A. § 40-8-71). It's a misdemeanor to use, sell or offer for sale a muffler that causes excessive or unusual noise or annoying smoke, or any muffler cutout or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler). Georgia sets no decibel limit; bills proposing one (95 dB in 2021, and 70 dB / 95 dB for motorcycles in 2024) did not pass.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20232024/224175", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Georgia has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/ocga", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Automated speed cameras are permitted only in school zones — Georgia has no open-road speed cameras. HB 651 (Act 711 of 2026), effective July 1, 2026, rewrote the regime: tighter sign standards, penalties for misuse, permit revocation, and limits on notices and fees. From July 1, 2027, new O.C.G.A. 40-14-19 bars any school-zone camera contract unless local voters approve it in a referendum. Cameras also require a GDOT permit (Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 672-20).", "source_url": "https://gov.georgia.gov/document/2026-signed-legislation/hb-651/download", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Georgia, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Georgia has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Safety metal spike studs are permitted only when required for safety because of snow, ice or other conditions tending to cause a vehicle to skid (O.C.G.A. § 40-8-74); tire chains of reasonable proportions are allowed on the same terms. Otherwise no tire moved on a highway may carry any block, stud, flange, cleat, spike or other non-rubber protuberance projecting beyond the tread. Farm machinery with protuberances that will not injure the highway is also exempt. The Code section sets no penalty, and Georgia assigns no license points for this offense.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20192020/190896", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Rewritten July 1, 2024 (S.B. 352 / Act 611): the old ±2-inch-from-factory rule was repealed. Now unlawful to alter any motor vehicle's suspension so frame height exceeds 27 in (GVWR ≤4,500 lb), 30 in (4,501–7,500 lb) or 31 in (7,501–14,000 lb), measured street to lowest frame point. \"Squatted\" setups banned: for 4,000–7,000 lb GVWR vehicles the front frame height may not be more than 4 in above or below the rear. Broken suspension springs unlawful. Section does not apply to vehicles with a compliant electronic stability control system (FMVSS 126). Misdemeanor — OCGA 40-8-6.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20232024/227698", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Authorized only at designated Honolulu intersections: red-light cameras (Act 30/2020 pilot) plus speed enforcement at those same sites (2024 law). Not statewide.", "source_url": "https://hidot.hawaii.gov/highways/safety-camera-systems/speed-safety-cameras/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "For cars, the muffler can't be noticeably louder than the factory one. Motorcycles and mopeds need a muffler, and a cutout or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler) isn't allowed. Hawaii sets no fixed decibel limit (HRS §§ 291-24.5, 291-24).", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/vol05_ch0261-0319/HRS0291/HRS_0291-0024.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Haw. Rev. Stat. 286-81.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0286/HRS_0286-0081.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Hawaii bans handheld use of a mobile electronic device for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead. See Haw. Rev. Stat. 291C-137.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/vol05_ch0261-0319/HRS0291C/HRS_0291C-0137.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Slow down and move over. In Hawaii, a driver approaching a stopped emergency vehicle with flashing lights must slow to a \"reasonable and prudent speed,\" coming to a complete stop if necessary, then change into the adjacent lane — or two lanes over if possible (HRS 291C-27). It covers police, fire, ocean safety, emergency medical services (EMS), freeway service patrol, sheriff, state and county emergency management, civil defense, DOT harbors and DLNR enforcement vehicles, and tow trucks. If a death or injury results, the driver is charged under Hawaii's negligent homicide or negligent injury statutes.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0291C/HRS_0291C-0027.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-27" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Hawaii, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Hawaii has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through, with a 6% margin allowed. Windshield film is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top of the windshield — or across the top 4 inches if the glass has no AS-1 mark. (HRS 291-21.5)", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/vol05_ch0261-0319/hrs0291/hrs_0291-0021_0005.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Destructive metal wheel projections/studded tires prohibited (narrow Mauna Kea exception) — Haw. Rev. Stat. 291-33.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0291/HRS_0291-0033.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Bumper height is capped by weight class, measured from a level surface to the bottom of the bumper: passenger vehicles 22 in (front and rear); 4,500 lbs GVWR and under 29 in; 4,501-7,500 lbs 33 in; 7,501-10,000 lbs 35 in (HRS 291-35.1). On modified vehicles the frame rail may not sit higher than the attached bumper, and the gap between body and frame rail may not exceed three inches. A vehicle exceeding the VESC Regulation 12 recommended bumper height must have an audible reverse warning system.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0291/HRS_0291-0035_0001.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-27" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Hawaii has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/docs/HRS.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Hawaii requires two plates. The owner must securely fasten the number plates \"one on the front and the other on the rear,\" and plates must \"at all times be displayed entirely unobscured and be kept reasonably clean\" (HRS 249-7). Trailers, semitrailers and motorcycles display one plate, fastened to the rear.", "source_url": "https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol04_Ch0201-0257/HRS0249/HRS_0249-0007.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-27" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Automated cameras allowed but regulated by 2024 law (HF 2681): local jurisdictions need Iowa DOT permit per location; many were denied; 10+ mph threshold.", "source_url": "https://iowadot.gov/modes-travel/roads-highways/highway-safety-features/automated-traffic-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "permitted", "summary": "No motorcycle helmet requirement at any age for on-road operation. Iowa Code 321.275.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.275.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 1 only (studs <=1/16 in.); prohibited rest of year except school buses/fire trucks — Iowa Code 321.442.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.442.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order so it doesn't make excessive or unusual noise. Muffler cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited. Iowa sets no fixed decibel limit (Iowa Code § 321.436).", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.436.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No specific statutory ride-height, bumper-height, or lift limit for cars/light trucks; general equipment-safety rules apply — Iowa Code ch. 321.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/ico/chapter/321.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "The windshield must let at least 70% of light through. The front side windows and the sidewings (the small vent windows) next to the driver must let at least 50% through — a measurable legal standard that replaced the former 70% administrative rule, effective July 1, 2026. Law-enforcement vehicles are exempt while on duty. (HF 766; Iowa Code 321.438(2))", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGE/91/attachments/HF766.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Iowa, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Iowa has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Iowa requires you to change lanes or slow below the posted limit for stopped emergency, tow or recovery, maintenance or construction, and waste vehicles, and for any vehicle displaying hazard lights.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/2025/321.323A.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Iowa has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Iowa requires two plates: one on the front and one on the rear. Motorcycles, truck tractors, and vehicles from before 1949 are exceptions (Iowa Code 321.37).", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.37.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Iowa bans handheld use for all drivers — hands-free only. The law took effect July 1, 2025, and citations started January 1, 2026. Iowa Code 321.276 bars holding, viewing, or manipulating a device.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.276.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Idaho, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Idaho has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law bars automated enforcement: license-plate readers may not enforce traffic infractions (except crash-related), so no red-light or speed cameras.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch14/sect49-1432/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. The windshield can't be tinted below the AS-1 line — the marking near the top — or below 6 inches from the top if there is no AS-1 line. (Idaho Code 49-944)", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch9/sect49-944/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Slow down and move over. Idaho Code 49-624 requires drivers approaching a stationary police vehicle, authorized emergency vehicle, tow truck or highway incident response vehicle displaying flashing lights to reduce speed below the posted limit. On a road with two or more lanes in your direction you must also change out of the lane adjacent to that vehicle as soon as it is reasonable and prudent to do so. On a road with one lane each way, slow below the limit and keep a safe speed until completely past.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title49/T49CH6/SECT49-624/", "verified_at": "2026-07-27" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Idaho caps bumper height by weight class - for example, 24 in front and 26 in rear for vehicles up to 4,500 lb - and bumpers must be at least 4.5 in tall. There is no separate limit on the lift itself. (Idaho Code 49-966.)", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch9/sect49-966/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good order. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are banned, along with changes that make the exhaust louder. In Idaho, \"excessive noise\" means more than 92 decibels measured at 20 feet (Idaho Code §§ 49-937, 49-106).", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch9/sect49-937/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Idaho has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and riders under 18. Idaho Code 49-666.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch6/sect49-666/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Idaho requires two plates: one on the front, if the vehicle has a front mounting bracket, and one on the rear (Idaho Code §49-428).", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch4/sect49-428/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires permitted Oct 1–Apr 30 only; board may grant exemptions — Idaho Code 49-948.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch9/sect49-948/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Idaho bans handheld use of a mobile electronic device for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead (Idaho Code 49-1401A).", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch14/sect49-1401a/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Illinois bans handheld use of an electronic communication device for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead (625 ILCS 5/12-610.2).", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K12-610.2", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Illinois requires two plates: passenger cars must display one on the front and one on the rear (625 ILCS 5/3-413).", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K3-413.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "permitted", "summary": "No motorcycle helmet requirement at any age; only eye protection required. 625 ILCS 5/11-1404.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-1404", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar and laser jamming devices are prohibited in motor vehicles in Illinois (625 ILCS 5/12-613).", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K12-613", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Illinois has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs5.asp?ActID=1815", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Studded tires prohibited; allowed Nov 15–Apr 1 only for rural mail carriers or disabled-plate owners in unincorporated areas — 625 ILCS 5/12-405.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs4.asp?ActID=1815&ChapterID=49&SeqStart=144300000&SeqEnd=146300000", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Under Scott's Law, Illinois requires you to change lanes and slow down for any stopped vehicle showing flashing emergency or hazard lights — emergency vehicles, tow trucks and disabled vehicles. If changing lanes isn't safe, reduce your speed.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-907", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Red-light & speed cameras allowed only in 8 enabling counties (Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, Madison, McHenry, St. Clair, Will); speed cams = school/park zones only.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-208.6", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs an adequate muffler and exhaust so it doesn't make excessive or unusual noise. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited, as are changes that increase noise. Illinois sets no fixed decibel limit (625 ILCS 5/12-602).", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K12-602.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Illinois caps bumper height by weight class, but for any vehicle 9,000 lb or under the bumper can never exceed 28 in in front or 30 in in the rear. (625 ILCS 5/12-608.)", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K12-608", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. On the windshield, tint is limited to a non-reflective strip across the top 6 inches. (625 ILCS 5/12-503)", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K12-503.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are banned, and the system can't leak or have altered parts. Indiana sets no fixed decibel limit (Ind. Code §§ 9-19-8-2, 9-19-8-3).", "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/current/ic/titles/9#9-19-8-3", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 1–May 1 only (year-round if retractable studs stay retracted otherwise) — Ind. Code 9-19-18-3.", "source_url": "https://faqs.in.gov/hc/en-us/articles/115005063487-Are-tire-chains-and-studs-legal-in-Indiana", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Indiana, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Indiana has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Indiana requires you to move over one lane for any stopped emergency vehicle with lights flashing — police, ambulances, fire trucks and rescue equipment, highway incident-response and maintenance vehicles, utility service vehicles and tow trucks — and, since the law was amended effective July 1, 2023, for any disabled vehicle with its hazard lights activated. If you cannot change lanes safely (including on a two-lane road), slow to 10 mph below the posted speed limit; never stop in the roadway. Failing to move over is a Class B infraction.", "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/indot/safety/safe-driving-tips/move-over-or-slow-down/", "verified_at": "2026-07-29" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Indiana requires only a rear plate: passenger vehicles display a single plate on the rear, and no front plate is required (IC 9-18.1-4-4).", "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/current/ic/titles/9#9-18.1-4-4", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Indiana bans handheld use for all drivers — hands-free only. The ban took effect July 1, 2020 under HEA 1070. IC 9-21-8-59 says you may not hold a telecommunications device while driving.", "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/indot/files/fact-sheet-1.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "In Indiana, a passenger car's bumpers must stay within 3 in of their original height. On trucks up to 11,000 lb, the front and rear bumpers can be no more than 30 in from the ground to the bottom of the bumper. (Ind. Code 9-19-4-1 & 9-19-4-2.)", "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/current/ic/titles/9#9-19-4-1", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No red-light cameras and no general speed cameras for local enforcement. The only authorized automated speed enforcement is INDOT's \"Indiana Safe Zones\" worksite speed-control pilot, authorized by House Enrolled Act 1015 and enacted July 1, 2023: up to four automated LiDAR/radar systems photograph the rear license plate of vehicles traveling 11 mph or more over the posted limit in highway worksites. Workers must be present for a violation to be valid, warning signs are posted entering and exiting the zone, and penalties are mailed to the registered owner.", "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/indot/safety/safe-zones/", "verified_at": "2026-07-29" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Indiana has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2024/ic/titles/9", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and riders under 18. Ind. Code 9-19-7-1.", "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2024/ic/titles/9#9-19-7", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Tint must allow >=30% light (VLT) and reflect <=25%; uniform for windshield/front/rear side windows. Ind. Code 9-19-19-4.", "source_url": "https://www.lafayette.in.gov/FAQ.aspx?QID=93", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Kansas requires only a rear plate: the plate is attached to the rear, and a front plate is prohibited except for a limited number of vehicle types (K.S.A. 8-133).", "source_url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_001_0033.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler or other effective noise-suppressing system in good order. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited, and excessive noise is barred. Kansas sets no fixed decibel limit (K.S.A. § 8-1739).", "source_url": "https://www.kslegislature.gov/li_2020/b2019_20/statute/008_000_0000_chapter/008_017_0000_article/008_017_0039_section/008_017_0039_k/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Kansas has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/ksa_ch08.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Kan. Stat. 8-1598.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_015_0098.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 1 only, per KDOT-approved equipment — Kan. Stat. 8-1742 / Kan. Admin. Reg. 36-7-2.", "source_url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_017_0042.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Kansas, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Kansas has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No specific statutory bumper-height, frame-height, or suspension-lift limit; general vehicle-equipment rules apply — Kan. Stat. ch. 8, art. 17.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/ksa_ch8.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. Windshield tint is allowed only along the top, never below the AS-1 line — the marking near the top of the windshield. (Kan. Stat. Ann. 8-1749a)", "source_url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_017_0049a.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Kansas bans texting while driving but not handheld calls. You can't write, send, or read a written communication while driving (KSA 8-15,111). Adults may still hold the phone to talk.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_015_0111.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Kansas does not authorize photo enforcement; speed and red-light cameras are not used-violations require an officer's direct observation.", "source_url": "https://www.kslegislature.gov/li/b2023_24/statute/008_000_0000_chapter/008_015_0000_article/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Kansas requires you to move over a lane for stopped emergency vehicles, or to slow down if you can't. A 2025 law (SB 8) expanded it to cover any stalled or disabled vehicle showing hazard lights.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_015_0030.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No statute authorizes general red-light or speed cameras (none in use). Only HB 664 (2025) automated speed enforcement in highway work zones is allowed.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/recorddocuments/bill/25RS/HB664/HCS1.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a suitable, efficient muffler. Running with the cutout removed is prohibited, and so is any change that makes the exhaust louder than the factory setup. Kentucky sets no fixed decibel limit (KRS § 189.140).", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=6314", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Kentucky has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=37863", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Kentucky requires only a rear plate: one plate is displayed on the rear. Semitrailer-tractors are the exception — they display their plate on the front (KRS 186.170).", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=57814", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required for riders under 21, permit holders, and those licensed under 1 year. KRS 189.285.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=6361", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Kentucky requires you to move into the adjacent lane for emergency, public-safety, safety-patrol and towing vehicles with flashing lights. If that isn't safe, slow down and use caution.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=55550", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. The windshield must still let at least 70% through, with tint limited to a non-reflective strip across the top. (Ky. Rev. Stat. 189.110)", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=54782", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "No statute prohibits metal studded tires; legal year-round (KRS Ch. 189 vehicle-equipment law has no studded-tire ban).", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=38038", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No Kentucky statute sets a bumper-height or suspension-lift limit. The general size limit applies: a truck, trailer, manufactured home or vehicle may not exceed 11 1/2 feet in height or 96 inches in width, including any part of the body or load, on highways other than those the secretary of transportation designates for larger dimensions under KRS 189.222. (KRS 189.221(1).)", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=57664", "verified_at": "2026-07-28" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Kentucky, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Kentucky has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Kentucky bans texting while driving but not handheld calls. You can't write, send, or read a text-based communication while driving (KRS 189.292). Adults may still hold the phone to talk.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=39750", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Louisiana requires only a rear plate: passenger vehicles display a single plate attached to the rear (La. R.S. 32:53).", "source_url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88462", "verified_at": "2026-07-23" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "In Louisiana, when a vehicle is parked on or near the highway showing authorized visual signals — including flashing amber lights, such as on tow trucks — change into a lane that isn't next to it, or slow down.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=88033", "verified_at": "2026-07-23" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited, and exhaust changes that increase noise are banned. Louisiana sets no fixed decibel limit (La. R.S. §§ 32:352, 32:353).", "source_url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88285", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Louisiana sets no bumper or frame-height limit, but bans \"squatted\" trucks: the front fender can't sit 6 in or more above the rear. (La. R.S. 32:381.1.)", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=1294896", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Louisiana, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Louisiana has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: all motorcycle/motor-driven cycle operators and riders must wear a helmet, any age. La. R.S. 32:190.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=88170", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Louisiana has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Laws_Toc.aspx?folder=75&level=Parent", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No state law bans or broadly authorizes photo enforcement; red-light & speed cameras operate by local ordinance (e.g., New Orleans, Baton Rouge), not statewide.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88166", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Louisiana bans handheld use for all drivers — hands-free only. The ban took effect August 1, 2025 (HB 519 / Act 288). R.S. 32:59 bars operating a wireless device while driving; 32:300.5 was repealed.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=1429150", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Studded/non-rubber tire protuberances prohibited; only farm machinery and tire chains exempt — La. Rev. Stat. 32:362.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88297", "verified_at": "2026-07-23" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 25% of light through — lowered from 40% effective 2025. Windshield tint is limited to the top 5 inches. (La. Rev. Stat. 32:361.1)", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=88294", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Massachusetts requires two plates: one attached at the front of the motor vehicle and one at the rear (M.G.L. c.90, §6).", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section6", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Massachusetts bans handheld use for all drivers — hands-free only. The ban took effect February 23, 2020. MGL c.90 13B provides that no operator shall hold a mobile electronic device.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section13b", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Massachusetts has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: every motorcycle operator/passenger must wear protective head gear (parade exception, 18+). MGL c.90 s.7.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section7", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 30 only; prohibited May 1–Nov 1 (registrar may allow early) — Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90, s. 16.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section16", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Massachusetts, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Massachusetts has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order that prevents excessive noise. Cutouts, bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler), removed baffles, and noise-amplifying exhaust are banned. Massachusetts sets no fixed decibel limit (M.G.L. c.90 § 16).", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section16", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Photo speed & red-light enforcement not authorized; banned statewide except toll violations. Bills pending to allow local cameras.", "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-traffic-violations", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Massachusetts requires you to move over a lane for stopped emergency, highway-maintenance, and recovery or tow vehicles with flashing lights. If you can't move over, slow down.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter89/Section7C", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No elevating/lowering a vehicle (GVWR up to 10,000 lbs) more than 2 inches from manufacturer's height via lift kits, springs, or tires; MGL c.90 s.7P.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section7P", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. On the windshield, only the top 6 inches may carry non-reflective tint. (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90 sec. 9D)", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section9D", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Maryland has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. The windshield can't be tinted below the AS-1 line — the marking near the top — or below 5 inches from the top. (Md. Transp. Code 22-406)", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=22-406&enactments=false", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Maryland requires you to move over a lane or slow down for stopped emergency, service, tow, and waste or recycling vehicles showing signals — and for commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) giving emergency aid to a disabled vehicle.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=21-405", "verified_at": "2026-07-23" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Maryland bans handheld use for all drivers while in motion — hands-free only. Under Md. Transp. 21-1124.2 you may not use your hands to use a handheld phone, except to start or end a call.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=21-1124.2", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order. Muffler cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited, as are tailpipe extensions that amplify noise. Maryland sets no fixed decibel limit (Md. Transp. § 22-402).", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=22-402&enactments=false", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "At Maryland safety inspection, bumper height can't exceed 20 in on a passenger car or 28 in on a light truck or multipurpose vehicle, and you can't add bumper extensions to pass after a lift. (COMAR 11.14.02.07.)", "source_url": "https://regs.maryland.gov/us/md/exec/comar/11.14.02.07", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires prohibited statewide except Nov 1–Mar 31 for vehicles registered in Allegany, Garrett, Frederick, Washington, Carroll counties — Md. Transp. 22-405.2.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=22-405.2", "verified_at": "2026-07-23" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "State authorizes automated enforcement: speed cameras in school/work zones (21-809) and red-light cameras by local enabling (21-202.1); not unrestricted statewide.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=21-809", "verified_at": "2026-07-23" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Maryland, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Maryland has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no individual may operate or ride a motorcycle without protective headgear, any age. Md. Transp. 21-1306.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=21-1306", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Maryland requires two plates: passenger cars must display one on the front and one on the rear (Md. Transp. 13-411).", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=13-411", "verified_at": "2026-07-23" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Maine bans handheld use for all drivers — hands-free only. The ban took effect September 19, 2019. 29-A MRSA 2121 prohibits holding a handheld electronic device while driving.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2121.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Maine caps frame height by weight class, from 24 in front / 26 in rear (up to 4,500 lb) up to 32 in front / 34 in rear (11,501-13,000 lb), with a 10 in minimum. A suspension lift also requires a certification. (29-A M.R.S. 1920.)", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/title29-asec1920.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. Windshield tint is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top of the windshield — or across the top 5 inches if there is no AS-1 mark. (29-A M.R.S. 1916)", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec1916.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs an adequate muffler. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are barred, along with changes that increase noise. A car over 95 decibels, measured by the SAE J-1169 test, is in violation (Me. Rev. Stat. 29-A § 1912).", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/title29-asec1912.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators/passengers under 18, learner's-permit holders, riders within 1 yr of test, and their passengers. 29-A MRS 2083.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/title29-Asec2083.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law prohibits traffic surveillance cameras to enforce violations; only exceptions are school-bus cameras and Maine Turnpike toll enforcement.", "source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/29-a/title29-Asec2117.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 2–Apr 30 only; prohibited May 1–Oct 1 (MaineDOT may extend/permit) — 29-A M.R.S. 1919.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/title29-Asec1919.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Maine requires two plates: a plate must be attached to the front and to the rear, with limited exceptions (29-A M.R.S. 452).", "source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec452.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Maine, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Maine has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "In Maine, pass stationary emergency or public service vehicles showing lights — including tow trucks and wreckers — in a lane that isn't next to them. If that isn't safe, pass at a careful and prudent speed.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2054.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Maine has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Michigan requires you to slow down by at least 10 mph and move over a lane for stopped emergency, road-service or tow, utility, solid-waste and road-maintenance vehicles showing lights.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-653b", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required unless rider is 21+, has 2 yrs endorsement or safety course, and carries $20k first-party medical insurance. MCL 257.658.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-658", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "On the front side windows, aftermarket tint is allowed only across the top 4 inches of the glass — nothing added below that. (Mich. Comp. Laws 257.709)", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-709", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studs allowed only if MDOT-approved for pavement wear (none qualify); season Nov 15–Apr 1 (Oct 1–May 1 in UP/N. Lower) — MCL 257.710 / MSP.", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/msp/services/safetytips/traffic-laws-faqs", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Michigan caps frame and bumper height by weight class. Passenger cars: 12 in frame / 22 in bumper. Trucks: 24 in / 26 in up to 4,500 lb; 24 in / 28 in for 4,501-7,500 lb; 26 in / 30 in for 7,501-10,000 lb. Lift blocks are also limited. (MCL 257.710c.)", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-710c", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "info", "summary": "Michigan law authorizes MDOT to run automated speed cameras in highway work zones, but only where workers are present and only from April 2, 2026 onward (2024 PA 164, MCL 257.627c). A first offense of 10+ mph over brings a written warning; a second within three years is up to $150 and a third or later up to $300 — all civil infractions with no license points. As of mid-2026 no cameras were issuing warnings or citations; MDOT has publicly targeted spring 2027.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-627c", "verified_at": "2026-07-28" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Michigan, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Michigan has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Michigan bans handheld use for all drivers — hands-free only. The ban took effect June 30, 2023. MCL 257.602b says you shall not hold or use a mobile electronic device while driving.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-602b", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Michigan requires only a rear plate: the plate is attached to the rear. Only truck tractors and road tractors display their plate on the front (MCL 257.225(1)).", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-225", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Michigan has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-act-300-of-1949", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Passenger vehicles can't exceed 82 decibels above 35 mph, or 76 decibels at 35 mph or below, measured at 50 feet. Cutouts, bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler), and amplifiers are banned (MCL § 257.707c).", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-707C", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Minnesota requires two plates: one on the front and one on the rear. The only exceptions are collector vehicles, farm vehicles, and motorcycles (Minn. Stat. 169.79).", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.79", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "In Minnesota, a vehicle's height (and its bumpers) can't differ by more than 6 in from the original. Bumper height caps at 20 in on cars, or 25 in on 4WDs, vans, and pickups. (Minn. Stat. 169.73, subd. 3-4.)", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.73", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers — devices that jam speed-measuring equipment — are banned in Minnesota: it is illegal to sell one, use one, or have one (Minn. Stat. 169.14 subd. 12).", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.14", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Minnesota requires you to move to a farther lane for stopped emergency, tow, freeway-service, maintenance, utility, construction, postal and disabled vehicles. If you can't move over, slow down.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.18", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order so it doesn't make excessive or unusual noise. Muffler cutouts, bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler), and similar devices are banned. Minnesota sets no decibel limit in statute (Minn. Stat. § 169.69).", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.69", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18 and motorcycle instruction-permit holders. Minn. Stat. 169.974.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.974", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Studded tires prohibited for residents; limited out-of-state/rural-mail-carrier-permit exceptions only — Minn. Stat. 169.72.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.72", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 50% of light through, with a 3% margin allowed. No added tint is allowed on the windshield. (Minn. Stat. 169.71)", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.71", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Minnesota has no state ban on them. Rules against blocking your view through the windshield may still apply to where you mount it.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "2007 court ruling barred cameras under uniformity law; a 2025-2029 state pilot (Stat. 169.147) now allows MnDOT/Minneapolis/Mendota Heights speed & red-light cameras.", "source_url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/trafficeng/safety/traffic-safety-cameras.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Minnesota bans handheld use for all drivers — hands-free only. The ban took effect August 1, 2019. Minn. Stat. 169.475 bars holding a wireless communications device with one or both hands.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.475", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Missouri requires you to move over a lane for stopped vehicles displaying red or blue lights, or amber or white lights — emergency, tow, utility and Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) vehicles. If you can't move over, slow down.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=304.022", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Missouri requires two plates: passenger cars display one on the front and one on the rear. Antique vehicles are an exception, as are vehicles with no front bracket (RSMo 301.130).", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=301.130", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Missouri caps bumper height by weight class - 22 in on non-commercial vehicles, up to 31 in in the rear for 9,001-11,500 lb vehicles - and prohibits raising a vehicle so much that it blocks the driver's view. (RSMo 307.172.)", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=307.172", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Missouri has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneChapter.aspx?chapter=304", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Under Missouri's Siddens Bening Hands Free Law, handheld use is banned for all drivers — hands-free only. Enforcement began January 1, 2025. RSMo 304.822 bars holding an electronic communication device.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=304.822", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a properly attached muffler to quiet the exhaust. Muffler cutouts and excessive noise are barred, and a violation is an infraction. Missouri sets no fixed decibel limit (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 307.170).", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=307.170", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal/carbide studded tires legal Nov 1–Mar 31 only; prohibited Apr 1–Nov 1 — Mo. Rev. Stat. 307.171.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=307.171", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Missouri, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Missouri has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "MO Supreme Court (2015, Tupper/Moline Acres line) struck red-light & speed camera ordinances on due-process grounds; cameras not enforceable, largely defunct.", "source_url": "https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/mayor/news/red-light-safety-cameras-invalid.cfm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through, with a 3% margin allowed. No tint on the windshield other than the factory strip across the top. (Mo. Rev. Stat. 307.173)", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=307.173", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required for riders under 26 and any permit holder; 26+ may go without. RSMo 302.020.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=302.020", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in private passenger vehicles — Mississippi has no ban for passenger cars. Federal law does ban them in commercial motor vehicles (49 CFR 392.71).", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-392/subpart-G/section-392.71", "verified_at": "2026-08-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Mississippi, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Mississippi has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no person may operate or ride a motorcycle/motor scooter without a crash helmet, any age. Miss. Code 63-7-64.", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2012/html/HB/1200-1299/HB1203SG.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Every vehicle needs a muffler in good working order, running at all times, so it doesn't make excessive or unusual noise or annoying smoke, and no one may use a muffler cutout, bypass or similar device (which routes exhaust around the muffler) on a highway (Miss. Code § 63-7-55). Mississippi sets no decibel number. Violations of Title 63, Chapter 7 are misdemeanors (§ 63-9-11).", "source_url": "https://www.driverservicebureau.dps.ms.gov/sites/default/files/2025-02/1.15.2025%20Revised%20MDPS%20Driver%27s%20Manual.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 28% of light through, and the film must carry a certification label. (Miss. Code Ann. 63-7-59)", "source_url": "https://www.driverservicebureau.dps.ms.gov/node/324", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Mississippi requires you to change into a lane that isn't next to a stopped emergency, recovery or tow, utility, sanitation or highway-maintenance vehicle with flashing lights. If you can't change lanes, slow down.", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2017/html/SB/2300-2399/SB2305SG.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Mississippi requires only a rear plate: one tag is furnished and fastened at the rear of the vehicle (Miss. Code 27-19-31).", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2024/html/HB/1200-1299/HB1286SG.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Mississippi sets no bumper or lift-height limit, but a 2024 \"squatted truck\" ban prohibits raising the front fender 4 in or more above the rear. Overall height can't exceed 13 ft 6 in. (Miss. Code Ann. 63-7-105.)", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2024/html/HB/0300-0399/HB0349SG.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No tire moved on a highway may have any block, stud, flange, cleat, spike or other protuberance of material other than rubber projecting beyond the tread (Miss. Code § 63-7-67). Mississippi has no studded-tire season and no exception for emergency or police vehicles — bills to create one have repeatedly failed. Only two exemptions: farm machinery with protuberances that will not injure the highway, and tire chains of reasonable proportions when required for safety because of snow, ice or other conditions tending to cause skidding. The same section also bans metal tires in contact with the roadway and requires solid rubber tires to carry at least one inch of rubber above the flange; MDOT and local authorities may issue special permits for tracked farm equipment. Violations of Chapter 7 are misdemeanors (§ 63-9-11).", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2009/html/SB/2400-2499/SB2494IN.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Mississippi bans texting while driving but not handheld calls. Miss. Code 63-33-1 bars texting and social media use on a handheld phone while driving. Adults may still hold the phone to talk.", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2018/html/HB/0900-0999/HB0900SG.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law bans automated traffic cameras: counties/cities may not use camera/radar systems to enforce signals or speed (removal required by Oct 2009).", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2009/html/HB/1500-1599/HB1568SG.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Montana requires two plates: motor vehicles must display one on the front and one on the rear (MCA 61-3-301).", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/2022/mca/title_0610/chapter_0030/part_0030/section_0010/0610-0030-0030-0010.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Montana has no statewide handheld or texting ban for adult drivers — only local ordinances apply. SB 359 failed in 2025, and the Montana Department of Transportation confirms there is no statewide law.", "source_url": "https://www.mdt.mt.gov/visionzero/people/distractions.aspx", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 1–May 31 only; studs <=1/16 in. protrusion — Mont. Code Ann. 61-9-406.", "source_url": "https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0090/part_0040/section_0060/0610-0090-0040-0060.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-22" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order that prevents excessive noise and smoke. Muffler cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited. Montana sets no fixed decibel limit (Mont. Code Ann. § 61-9-403).", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0090/part_0040/section_0030/0610-0090-0040-0030.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Montana, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Montana has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Montana requires you to reduce your speed (20-30 mph below limit or half) and move into a lane that isn't next to a stopped law-enforcement, emergency or highway-worker vehicle showing lights.", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0030/section_0880/0610-0080-0030-0880.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 24% of light through. The windshield must stay clear below the AS-1 line — the marking near the top of the windshield. (Mont. Code Ann. 61-9-405)", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0090/part_0040/section_0050/0610-0090-0040-0050.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. MCA 61-9-417.", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0090/part_0040/section_0170/0610-0090-0040-0170.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law prohibits automated enforcement systems attached to traffic-control devices (except railroad grade crossings).", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0020/section_0060/0610-0080-0020-0060.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/frame/lift height limit; MCA 61-9-430 only requires bumpers on vehicles under 10,000 lbs; 14 ft max overall (MCA 61-10-103).", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0090/part_0040/section_0300/0610-0090-0040-0300.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Montana has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapters_index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in North Carolina, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. North Carolina has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: operator and all passengers must wear a FMVSS 218 safety helmet, any age. N.C.G.S. 20-140.4.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-140.4.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Local-option: red-light & school-zone speed cameras allowed only for cities/counties authorized by state enabling statute; fines must fund schools.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.net/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_20/gs_20-157.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. Windshield tint is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top — or across the top 5 inches, whichever is longer. (N.C. Gen. Stat. 20-127)", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-127.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On multilane roads, North Carolina requires you to move over a lane for stopped emergency and public service vehicles with their lights on, including tow trucks and utility vehicles. If you can't move over, slow down.", "source_url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/initiatives-policies/safety/driving-safety/Pages/move-over-law.aspx", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — North Carolina has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/Laws/GeneralStatuteSections/Chapter20", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a factory-type (OEM) muffler and exhaust in good working order. Muffler cut-outs (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited. North Carolina sets no fixed decibel limit (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-128).", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.net/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_20/gs_20-128.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "North Carolina bans the \"Carolina Squat\": you can't alter the suspension, frame, or chassis so the front fender sits 4 in or more above the rear. (N.C. Gen. Stat. 20-135.4(d).)", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-135.4.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "North Carolina requires only a rear plate: one plate is issued and attached to the rear. On truck-tractors, that plate goes on the front instead (N.C.G.S. 20-63).", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_20/gs_20-63.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded snow tires permitted year-round; studs <=1/16 in. beyond tread — N.C. Gen. Stat. 20-122.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-122.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "North Carolina bans texting and email while driving for all drivers, but holding the phone to talk is still allowed (N.C.G.S. 20-137.4A).", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-137.4A.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "North Dakota does not authorize automated speed or red-light camera enforcement; citations must be issued by an officer who observes the violation.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c07.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in North Dakota, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. North Dakota has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — North Dakota has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On interstates and multilane highways, North Dakota requires you to move into a lane that isn't next to a stopped emergency or Department of Transportation (DOT) vehicle — and now any vehicle with flashing hazard lights. If you can't move over, slow down.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c10.pdf#nameddest=39-10-26p3", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "North Dakota bans texting for all drivers — you can't compose, read, or send an electronic message while driving. Holding the phone to talk is still allowed, but drivers under 18 may not use any device (N.D.C.C. 39-08-23).", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c08.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 50% of light through. The windshield must let at least 70% through, with non-reflective tint allowed above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top — or across the top 5 inches. (N.D. Cent. Code 39-21-39)", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c21.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "North Dakota requires two plates: one on the front and one on the rear, conspicuously displayed (N.D.C.C. 39-04-11).", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c04.pdf#nameddest=39-04-11", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 15–Apr 15 only; studs <=1/16 in. — N.D. Cent. Code 39-21-40 / ND Highway Patrol.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c21.pdf#nameddest=39-21-40", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order. A cutout or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited, and excessive or unusual noise is barred. North Dakota sets no fixed decibel limit (N.D. Cent. Code § 39-21-37).", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c21.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "North Dakota caps bumper height at 27 in and the body/cargo-floor height at 42 in on registered vehicles, and requires both front and rear bumpers. (N.D. Cent. Code 39-21-45.1.)", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c21.pdf#nameddest=39-21-45p1", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18; passengers of a helmet-required operator must also wear. N.D.C.C. 39-10.2-06.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c10-2.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 1 only; prohibited rest of year — Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,250.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,250", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Nebraska has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=60", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Nebraska bans texting, reading, and typing while driving for all drivers, but holding the phone to talk is still allowed. Enforcement is secondary (Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,179.01).", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,179.01", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Nebraska, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Nebraska has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On controlled-access highways, Nebraska requires you to move a lane away when approaching or passing any stopped occupied vehicle, including emergency and road-assistance vehicles. If you can't move over, slow down.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,378", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No state statute authorizes automated speed or red-light camera enforcement; cameras not used for citations. 2025 bills (LB 600/616) proposed but not enacted.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-statutes.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Since 2024 (LB1004): helmet required unless rider is 21+ with a Class M license and completed an approved safety course. Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,279.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,279", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/ride-height or lift limit; only an overall vehicle-height cap of 14 ft 6 in (Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,289).", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,289", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler or other noise-suppressing system in good working order. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are unlawful, and changes that increase noise are banned. Nebraska sets no fixed decibel limit (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-6,286).", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,286", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Nebraska requires two plates: most vehicles display one on the front and one on the rear (Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-399). A law moving to a single rear plate has passed but is not yet in effect.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-399", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. Windshield tint is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top of the windshield. (Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,257)", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,257", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "New Hampshire requires two plates: passenger vehicles must display one on the front and one on the rear (RSA 261:75).", "source_url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/xxi/261/261-75.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Under Sherrill's Law, New Hampshire requires you to slow down and move over for any stopped or standing vehicle showing warning signals — hazard lights, flares or cones — including emergency, tow and disabled vehicles.", "source_url": "https://www.highwaysafety.dos.nh.gov/safety-programs-tips/move-over", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No red-light or speed cameras. RSA 236:130 bars the state and its political subdivisions from \"surveillance\" on public ways - using a camera or other device to determine a vehicle's ownership or its occupants' identity. Exceptions include: authorized by another statute; case-by-case investigation of a specific violation, misdemeanor or felony; unrecorded DOT incident viewing; state buildings; toll collection; named bridges; listed park-and-rides; DOT dash cams; and covered wooden bridges. A violation is a violation, or a misdemeanor for non-natural persons.", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XX/236/236-130.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-27" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "If you alter the suspension in New Hampshire, the bumper must sit 16-20 in off the ground on a private passenger vehicle, or 16-30 in on other vehicles; going higher needs DMV approval. (RSA 266:9.)", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/266/266-9.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in New Hampshire, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. New Hampshire has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators/passengers under 18; no helmet law for adults 18+. RSA 265:122.", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/265/265-122.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "New Hampshire bans handheld use of a mobile electronic device for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead (RSA 265:79-c).", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxi/265/265-79-c.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 70% of light through. Adding aftermarket tint to the windshield is illegal. (N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 266:58-a)", "source_url": "https://www.dmv.nh.gov/vehicles-boats-or-titles/inspections-emissions/tinted-windows", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "No seasonal studded-tire ban; use governed by Dept. of Safety tire rules under N.H. RSA 266:48, effectively year-round.", "source_url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/xxi/266/266-48.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-23" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — New Hampshire has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/nhtoc/nhtoc-xxi.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order. Cutouts, bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler), and straight-pipe exhaust are prohibited. New Hampshire sets no decibel limit for cars — the decibel limit in 266:59-a applies only to motorcycles (N.H. RSA § 266:59).", "source_url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XXI/266/266-59.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order. Cut-outs and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited, and excessive or unusual noise is barred. New Jersey sets no fixed decibel limit (N.J. Stat. § 39:3-70).", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/pdf/business/pif-manual.pdf#page=87", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "No aftermarket tint is allowed on the windshield or the front side windows. Medical and law-enforcement exemptions apply. (N.J. Rev. Stat. 39:3-74)", "source_url": "https://pub.njleg.gov/bills/2020/A4000/3728_I1.HTM", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Bumpers must be no lower than 16 inches from the ground to the bottom of the bumper. For vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 lb or under, maximum tire diameter is 38 inches OR six inches more than the largest tire offered by the original manufacturer as standard or optional equipment — whichever is less (N.J.A.C. 13:20-37.3(a)).", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/pdf/business/pif-manual.pdf#page=186", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "New Jersey requires you to change into a lane that isn't next to a stopped emergency, tow, highway-maintenance, emergency-service or sanitation vehicle. If you can't change lanes, slow below the posted limit and be ready to stop.", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/oag/hts/move-over-law/move-over-law-text.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in New Jersey, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. New Jersey has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: helmets required by law for all motorcycle operators and riders, any age. N.J.S.A. 39:3-76.7.", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/pdf/license/mcm996.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in private passenger vehicles — New Jersey has no ban for passenger cars. Federal law does ban them in commercial motor vehicles (49 CFR 392.71).", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-392/subpart-G/section-392.71", "verified_at": "2026-08-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "New Jersey bans handheld use of a wireless phone or other device for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead (N.J.S.A. 39:4-97.3).", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/lps/hts/downloads/2013c70_law.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Red-light camera pilot expired Dec 2014 and was not renewed; speed cameras never authorized - both photo-enforcement types now prohibited statewide.", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/transportation/refdata/rlr/faq.shtm", "verified_at": "2026-08-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 15–Apr 1 only; prohibited rest of year — N.J. Admin. Code 13:20-33.19 (under N.J.S.A. 39:3-72).", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/pdf/business/pif-manual.pdf#page=86", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "New Jersey issues and requires two plates: when two are issued, both must be displayed, one on the front and one on the rear (N.J.S.A. 39:3-33).", "source_url": "https://pub.njleg.state.nj.us/Bills/2022/PL23/49_.PDF", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "New Mexico bans texting and messaging statewide for all drivers — you can't read, view, type, or send a message while driving. Holding the phone to talk is still allowed, but drivers under 18 may not use a device at all (NMSA 66-7-374).", "source_url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/sessions/13%20Regular/bills/house/HB0043TCS.HTML", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "New Mexico requires only a rear plate: a single plate is issued and attached to the rear. On road tractors and truck tractors, that plate goes on the front instead (NMSA 66-3-18).", "source_url": "https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/vehicles/license-plates/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "In New Mexico, when you approach a stopped emergency, recovery or repair vehicle displaying flashing emergency or hazard lights: if it is reasonably safe, move into a lane that isn't next to it and slow to a reasonable and prudent speed; if changing lanes isn't safe, slow to a reasonable and prudent speed, proceed with caution and be prepared to stop. For an emergency vehicle coming toward you with its lights or siren on, pull parallel to the right edge clear of intersections and stop until it passes (NMSA 66-7-332, as amended by 2017 S.B. 76).", "source_url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/sessions/17%20regular/final/SB0076.PDF", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — New Mexico has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/nav.do", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No statewide ban; automated speed/red-light enforcement is a local option - municipalities (e.g., Albuquerque, Las Cruces) operate cameras under local ordinance.", "source_url": "https://www.cabq.gov/automated-speed-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No NM statute limits bumper/frame/ride height or lift kits; only overall vehicle height is capped at 14 ft under NMSA 66-7-404(A).", "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4422/1/document.do#page=748", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in New Mexico, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. New Mexico has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded snow tires permitted year-round (no date limit) when designed to increase ice/snow traction — N.M. Stat. 66-3-847.", "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4422/1/document.do#page=274", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 20% of light through, and the tint must be non-reflective. Windshield tint is limited to the top 5 inches, above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top. (N.M. Stat. Ann. 66-3-846.1)", "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/nav_date.do", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18; adults 18+ exempt. NMSA 66-7-356.", "source_url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/15%20Regular/final/HB0065.PDF", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order. A cutout or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited, and excessive or unusual noise is barred. New Mexico sets no fixed decibel limit (N.M. Stat. § 66-3-844).", "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4422/1/document.do#page=270", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Nevada issues two plates: the rear plate is mandatory, and the front plate must be displayed unless the vehicle has no front mount or bracket (NRS 482.275).", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-482.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Nevada doesn't limit bumper height, but caps how high the body sits off the ground by weight class: 24 in for cars, and 28, 30, or 32 in for trucks (up to 4,500, 7,500, or 10,000 lb). Overall vehicle height can't exceed 14 ft. (NRS 484D.610, 484D.605.)", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484d.html#NRS484DSec610", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 1–Apr 30 only; prohibited rest of year — Nev. Rev. Stat. 484D.510.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484d.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-22" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order that meets the Department's rules. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are banned on the highway. No fixed decibel limit is confirmed (NRS § 484D.415).", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484d.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: driver and passenger must wear protective headgear when a motorcycle/moped is driven on a highway. NRS 486.231.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-486.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through, with a 7% margin allowed. Windshield tint is allowed only across the very top, with its bottom edge at least 29 inches above the seat. (Nev. Rev. Stat. 484D.440)", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484d.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Nevada law requires an officer to be present to issue a speeding/traffic citation; standalone photo speed/red-light camera enforcement is not authorized.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484b.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Nevada, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Nevada has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Nevada bans handheld use — talking, texting, and data — for all drivers, and requires hands-free use statewide (NRS 484B.165).", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-484B.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Nevada requires you to slow down, proceed with caution and, when possible, move into a lane that isn't next to a stopped emergency, Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT), freeway-service or tow vehicle. The same applies at any traffic incident.", "source_url": "https://www.dot.nv.gov/safety/move-over-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Nevada has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484d.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 16–Apr 30 only; prohibited rest of year — N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law 375 / NY DMV.", "source_url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/new-york-state-drivers-manual-and-practice-tests/chapter-10-special-driving-conditions", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Local-option: photo speed (school zones) & red-light cameras allowed only where the state legislature grants enabling authority (e.g., NYC); not statewide.", "source_url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-signs-legislation-expand-red-light-camera-programs-and-protect-new-yorkers", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: all motorcycle operators and passengers must wear an approved (FMVSS 218) helmet, any age. NY VTL 381.", "source_url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/motorcycle-manual/motorcycle-manual-motorcycle-licenses-ownership-special-rules", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in New York, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. New York has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — New York has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "New York requires two plates: passenger vehicles must display one on the front and one on the rear (NY VTL 402).", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/402", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler. Passenger cars up to 10,000 pounds are capped at 76 decibels at 35 mph or below, and 82 decibels above that, measured at 50 feet (N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law § 386).", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/386", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 70% of light through. On the windshield, only the top 6 inches may carry non-reflective tint. (N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law 375(12-a))", "source_url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/inspections/tinted-windows", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "New York requires you to use due care when moving out of the lane next to stopped emergency and hazard vehicles, including tow trucks, and next to any stopped vehicle on parkways and controlled-access highways.", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/1144-A", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "New York bans handheld phone use and the use of portable electronic devices for all drivers; hands-free is required (NY VTL 1225-c for phones, 1225-d for portable electronic devices).", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/1225-C", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Bumpers are required. Under NY Vehicle & Traffic Law 375(48), a passenger car registered in New York must have both a front and rear bumper, securely fastened, with some part between 16 and 20 inches above the ground (historical vehicles exempt). For 1990-or-newer model-year vehicles whose body clears more than 30 inches off the ground at the front or rear when empty, bumpers must have some part at least 16 but not more than 30 inches above the ground.", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/375", "verified_at": "2026-07-27" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Ohio requires only a rear plate: the front-plate requirement was eliminated effective July 1, 2020 (ORC 4503.21).", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4503.21", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Municipalities may run speed/red-light cameras under home-rule (with restrictions); a 2025 law (HB 54) bans camera use by counties and townships.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.093", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18 and novice/permit holders in first year; 18+ exempt. ORC 4511.53.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.53", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order. A cutout or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited, along with devices that produce excessive smoke or gas. Ohio sets no fixed decibel limit (Ohio Rev. Code § 4513.22).", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4513.22", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Ohio requires you to change into a lane that isn't next to a stopped public-safety, emergency, road-service, waste, Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO) or highway-maintenance vehicle with its lights on. If you can't change lanes, slow down.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.213", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 15 only; prohibited rest of year — Ohio Rev. Code 5589.081.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-5589.081", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 50% of light through, with a 3% margin allowed. Windshield tint is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top — or across the top 5 inches. (Ohio Admin. Code 4501-41-03)", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-4501-41-03", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Ohio bans holding or using any electronic wireless device for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead. The ban dates from 2023 (O.R.C. 4511.204).", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.204", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Ohio, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Ohio has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Ohio has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/title-45", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "In Ohio, the gap between the body floor and the top of the frame can't exceed 4 in, and you can't defeat the suspension or make changes that let the vehicle contact the ground. (ORC 4513.021; Ohio Admin Code 4501-43-03.)", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-4501-43-03", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Oklahoma requires you to move over for any stationary vehicle displaying flashing lights — including an ordinary motorist with hazard lights on, Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Turnpike Authority maintenance vehicles, Highway Patrol and local law enforcement, and emergency vehicles or wreckers. Move into a lane that is not adjacent to the stopped vehicle; if no additional lane exists, proceed with due caution and slow to a safe speed for the road, weather and traffic conditions. The law was expanded to cover all flashing and hazard lights by Senate Bill 89, effective Nov. 1, 2019; a violation may result in a fine.", "source_url": "https://oklahoma.gov/odot/travel/safety/move-over-law.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-29" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No Title 47 statute authorizes red-light or speed cameras for general traffic citations; cameras not used (only school-bus stop-arm video is authorized).", "source_url": "https://oksenate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/os47.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 25% of light through, and the tint can't reflect more than 25% of light. Windshield tint is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top — or across the top 5 inches. (47 Okla. Stat. 12-422)", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=82447", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Oklahoma bans texting while driving for all drivers — you can't compose, send, or read a text. Holding the phone to talk is still allowed (47 O.S. 11-901d).", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=472996", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Oklahoma has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/Index.asp?ftdb=STOKST47&level=1", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires are allowed from November 1 through April 1, with studs no more than 3/32 inch projecting and covering no more than 3% of the tire's traction surface (47 O.S. 12-405(C)). There is no vehicle weight limit on ordinary studded tires — the 2-ton restriction applies only to operator-selectable \"on demand\" stud systems under subsection D.", "source_url": "https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os47.pdf#page=629", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler or other noise-suppressing system. A cutout or bypass (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited, and so is any exhaust change that's louder than the factory (OEM) setup. Oklahoma sets no fixed decibel limit (47 O.S. § 12-402).", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=437656", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/frame/suspension-lift limit; only general max vehicle height of 13.5 ft (county roads)/14 ft (highways) under 47 O.S. §14-103.", "source_url": "https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os47.pdf#page=655", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18; adults exempt. 47 O.S. 12-609.", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/index.asp?level=1&ftdb=STOKST47", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Jammers that interfere with speed-measuring devices are prohibited in Oklahoma: it is illegal to use one, have one, or sell one (Okla. Stat. tit. 47 11-808).", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/Index.asp?ftdb=STOKST47&level=1", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Oklahoma requires only a rear plate: the state issues one plate per registered vehicle and requires at least one plate to be properly installed. Under the Tax Commission rule, license plates must be firmly affixed to the rear of the vehicle. There are two exceptions: trucks registered under the International Registration Plan mount the plate on the front, and trucks over 26,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) may mount it on the front or the rear. Plates must be displayed so the letters and numerals read left to right, parallel to the ground (OAC 710:60-3-20).", "source_url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/tax/documents/resources/rules-and-policies/motor-vehicle-policy/Chapter60-MotorVehicles.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-29" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Oregon, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Oregon has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Oregon requires two plates: passenger vehicles are issued two plates, and both must be displayed, one on the front and one on the rear (ORS 803.540).", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors803.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Oregon has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/Pages/ORS.aspx", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Photo red-light & photo-radar speed enforcement allowed only for cities that opt in under state law, with required signage and public-evaluation conditions.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors810.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: all motorcycle operators and passengers must wear a DOT helmet. ORS 814.269.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors814.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Oregon requires you to move into a lane that isn't next to the stopped vehicle, or slow to at least 5 mph below the posted limit, when you approach any stopped vehicle showing warning or hazard lights, flares, or emergency signs.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors811.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Oregon bans holding or using any mobile electronic device for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead (ORS 811.507).", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors811.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "The total light coming through each front side window must be at least 35%. Windshield tint is limited to the top 6 inches. (Or. Rev. Stat. 815.221)", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors815.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Mar 31 only; fine after Mar 31 — Or. Rev. Stat. 815.165 / ODOT.", "source_url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/mct/pages/chains-and-traction-tires.aspx", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a proper exhaust. On the Department of Environmental Quality's stationary test, passenger cars built in 1976 or later are capped at 88 decibels, and cars built before 1976 at 92 decibels, measured at 25 feet (Or. Rev. Stat. § 815.250).", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors815.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper-height or suspension-lift limit; general max height 14 ft under ORS 818.080; ODOT equipment standards govern safety.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors818.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 70% of light through, and the windshield must also let at least 70% through. (75 Pa. Cons. Stat. 4524)", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/penndot/documents/public/dvspubsforms/bmv/bmv-fact-sheets/fs-sun.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Pennsylvania has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=75", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Under-21 must wear; 21+ exempt if licensed 2+ years or completed safety course. 75 Pa.C.S. 3525.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.035.025.000..HTM", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler. Cutouts, bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler), and noise-amplifying changes are prohibited. Sound limits are set by Department regulation; the statute itself sets no fixed decibel number (75 Pa.C.S. § 4523).", "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=75&div=0&chpt=45&sctn=23&subsctn=0", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Under Paul Miller's Law, Pennsylvania bans handheld use of any interactive mobile device for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead. The law took effect June 5, 2025 with warnings only in its first year, and $50 fines began June 5, 2026 (75 Pa.C.S. 3316.1).", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/penndot/news-and-media/newsroom/statewide/2025/-paul-miller-s-law--effective-june-5", "verified_at": "2026-07-13" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Pennsylvania requires you to move into a lane that isn't next to an emergency response area, which includes tow trucks and maintenance vehicles. The same applies to disabled vehicles showing warnings. If you can't move over, pass at least 20 mph below the posted limit.", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/penndot/traveling-in-pa/safety/traffic-safety-driver-topics/pa-move-over-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Limited: statewide work-zone speed cameras (75 Pa.C.S. 3369) and automated speed enforcement on specified Philadelphia corridors; not general statewide use.", "source_url": "https://workzonecameras.penndot.gov/policies-and-regulations/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory suspension-lift limit. Bumpers are required front and rear unless the vehicle was originally designed and manufactured without them (75 Pa.C.S. Sec. 4536), and state safety inspection rejects a vehicle if no part of the main horizontal bumper bar falls within 16-20 inches above ground level on passenger vehicles, or within 16-30 inches on multipurpose passenger vehicles and light trucks (67 Pa. Code Sec. 175.80).", "source_url": "https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/067/chapter175/s175.80.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-28" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Pennsylvania requires only a rear plate: a single plate is issued and displayed on the rear. The state has not required a front plate since 1952 (75 Pa.C.S. 1332).", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dmv/vehicle-services/registration-plates/standard-issue-registration-plate", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Pennsylvania, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Pennsylvania has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 15 only; studs <=2/32 in. — 75 Pa.C.S. 4525 / PennDOT.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.045.025.000..HTM", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Legal with a working muffler. Every vehicle needs a muffler in good working order, running at all times, so it doesn't make excessive or unusual noise, and muffler cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited on highways. An exhaust system counts as defective if it's been modified to be louder than the manufacturer's original equipment, and it has to be repaired or restored within 5 days. Rhode Island sets no decibel limit — the factory exhaust is the standard. Fine: $100 (R.I. Gen. Laws 31-23-13; fine schedule 31-41.1-4).", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-23/31-23-13.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-27" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Rhode Island requires two plates: one on the front and one on the rear. Motorcycles, trailers, transporter and in-transit vehicles, bailee-business vehicles, and dealer vehicles used in the dealer's business display a rear plate only. Every plate must be securely fastened horizontally, at least 12 inches off the ground, clearly visible, free of foreign materials, and legible. The fine is $100 (R.I. Gen. Laws 31-3-18; fine schedule 31-41.1-4).", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-3/31-3-18.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-27" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Authorized with limits: red-light cameras and school-zone speed cameras (active school days, ~7am-6pm), under state enabling acts; not open statewide speed cams.", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-41.3/31-41.3-4.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires are legal only from November 15 to April 1. Studs must be flat-headed and project no more than one-sixteenth inch (1/16\") beyond the tread of the traction surface; outside that window no non-rubber protuberance may project beyond the tread. Tire chains are permitted any time safety requires them due to snow, ice or skid conditions. Fine: $100 (R.I. Gen. Laws 31-23-20; fine schedule 31-41.1-4).", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-23/31-23-20.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-27" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Required for operators under 21, all passengers, and first-year operators; 21+ otherwise exempt. RIGL 31-10.1-4.", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-10.1/31-10.1-4.HTM", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 70% of light through. On the windshield, only the top 6 inches may carry transparent tint. (R.I. Gen. Laws 31-23.3-4)", "source_url": "https://dmv.ri.gov/node/1636", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Rhode Island, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Rhode Island has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Rhode Island requires you to move into a lane that isn't next to a stopped emergency, maintenance, tow, transporter or roadside-assistance vehicle showing warning lights. If you can't change lanes, slow down.", "source_url": "https://risp.ri.gov/safety-education/motor-vehicle-safety-information/motor-vehicle-laws", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Rhode Island bans handheld phone use, including talking, for all drivers and requires hands-free use instead (R.I.G.L. 31-22-31). Texting is banned too (31-22-30).", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-22/31-22-31.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No specific statutory bumper-height or frame-height limit codified; general max vehicle height 13.5 ft (R.I. Gen. Laws §31-25-13).", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-25/31-25-13.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Rhode Island has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/INDEX.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "South Carolina requires you to slow down significantly and, if possible, change into a lane that isn't next to a stopped authorized emergency vehicle with flashing lights, including towing and recovery vehicles.", "source_url": "https://scdps.sc.gov/drivinginsc/move-over-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "South Carolina bans the \"Carolina Squat\": it's illegal if the front or rear fender is raised or lowered 4 in or more above the other. Cars are also capped at a 6 in raise or drop. (S.C. Code §56-5-4445.)", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php#56-5-4445", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "South Carolina requires only a rear plate: passenger cars display a single plate on the outside rear, and no front plate is required (SC Code 56-3-1240).", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c003.php", "verified_at": "2026-07-22" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order so it doesn't make excessive or unusual noise. Muffler cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited. South Carolina sets no fixed decibel limit (S.C. Code § 56-5-5020).", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 27% of light through. Windshield tint must be non-reflective and is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top of the windshield. (S.C. Code 56-5-5015)", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law bars speeding/red-light citations issued in whole or part on photo evidence; tickets must be issued by an officer incident to a traffic stop.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c007.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded tires legal year-round if studs project <=1/16 in. when compressed; no seasonal limit — S.C. Code 56-5-5040.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — South Carolina has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/title56.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar and laser jamming devices are prohibited in motor vehicles in South Carolina, and a violation is a misdemeanor (S.C. Code 56-5-3870).", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/title56.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "South Carolina requires hands-free driving statewide under the SC Hands-Free Act: you can't hold or support a mobile device while driving. The law took effect September 1, 2025, and citations began February 28, 2026 — $100 for a first offense, then $200 plus 2 points (SC Code 56-5-3890).", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-07-13" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 21; 21+ exempt. SC Code 56-5-3660.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18; adults exempt. SDCL 32-20-4.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-20-4", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/frame/suspension-lift limit; only general max vehicle height of 14 ft under SDCL 32-22-14.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-22-14", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On interstates and multilane highways, South Dakota requires you to merge into the farthest lane at least 300 feet before a vehicle stopped with amber, yellow or blue warning lights. If you can't move over, slow down.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-31-6.1", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "South Dakota bans texting, data use, and video on a mobile device while driving, but holding the phone for a voice call is allowed (SDCL 32-26-47.1).", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-26-47.1", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — South Dakota has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through, with a 9% tolerance allowed. Windshield tint is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top of the windshield. (S.D. Codified Laws 32-15-2.4)", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-15-2.4", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs an exhaust system and muffler in good working order, and the exhaust has to discharge to the rear or the side. Muffler cut-outs (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited. South Dakota sets no fixed decibel limit (SDCL § 32-15-17).", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-15-17", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in South Dakota, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. South Dakota has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law prohibits photo-monitoring devices to detect red-light violations and bars state DMV cooperation on red-light/speed-camera fines via interstate compact.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-28", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "South Dakota requires two plates: one displayed on the front and one on the rear, each conspicuous, upright, and kept clear. A motorcycle displays one plate (SDCL 32-5-98). A violation is a Class 2 misdemeanor.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-5-98", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal-stud tires legal only Oct 1–Apr 30; year-round for school/fire vehicles — S.D. Codified Laws 32-19-3.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-19-3", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — no Tennessee statute prohibits them. They are banned in commercial motor vehicles under federal rule 49 CFR 392.71.", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-392.71", "verified_at": "2026-08-03" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: every motorcycle driver and passenger must wear a crash helmet. TCA 55-9-302.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/112/Fiscal/HB0903.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-08-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Red-light cameras are allowed in Tennessee, but only a P.O.S.T.-certified or state-commissioned law enforcement officer may authorize the citation, and a person who does not contest it pays no more than $50. Speed cameras may not be used to cite anyone on a public road except within the designated distance of a marked school zone or on an S-curve — a bend shaped like an \"S\" that blocks a driver's view through it. (TCA 55-8-198; Public Chapter 468 of 2015.) A 2026 bill to narrow the school-zone exception passed the Senate but died in the House, so the law is unchanged.", "source_url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/109/pub/pc0468.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-28" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order, running at all times. A muffler that produces excessive or unusual noise or annoying smoke is treated as not in good working order, and cutouts (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited. \"Excessive or unusual noise\" includes engine noise from a non-motorcycle that's noticeably louder than similar vehicles and over 95 decibels; it's a defense to show the muffler doesn't exceed 95 decibels under SAE measurement standards. Farm tractors and implements of husbandry are exempt (Tenn. Code 55-9-202, as amended by Public Chapter 164, effective July 1, 2023).", "source_url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/113/pub/pc0164.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-26" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jamming devices are prohibited in Tennessee: it is illegal to have one, sell one, operate one, or use one to interfere (Tenn. Code 39-16-610).", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/104/Chapter/PC0853.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-08-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Tennessee requires only a rear plate: the passenger-vehicle plate is attached to the rear, and no front plate is required (TCA 55-4-110).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-55/chapter-4/part-1/section-55-4-110/", "verified_at": "2026-08-03" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Oct 1–Apr 15; not on vehicles over 9,000 lbs (except school/emergency) — Tenn. Code 55-9-106.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-55/chapter-9/part-1/section-55-9-106/", "verified_at": "2026-08-03" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through. The windshield must still let at least 70% through, except for the manufacturer's shade band across the top. (Tenn. Code 55-9-107)", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/113/Fiscal/HB1977.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Under Tenn. Code § 55-9-215, a passenger vehicle other than a four-wheel-drive recreational vehicle that has been modified by altering its altitude may not have its bumpers more than 22 inches above the ground. Maximum legal FRAME height is 22 inches for a passenger car; for a truck or recreational vehicle it is 24 inches up to 4,500 lbs, 26 inches from 4,501–7,500 lbs, and 28 inches from 7,501–10,000 lbs. No modification may cause the body or chassis to contact the ground, expose the fuel tank to collision damage, cause the wheels to contact the body in normal operation, or disconnect the original suspension system. Penalty: a fine of no less than $250 on a first conviction; a second or subsequent conviction for the same defect on the same vehicle brings a one-year suspension of the vehicle registration and of the owner's and operator's driver licenses.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/114/Fiscal/SB0395.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Tennessee requires all drivers to go hands-free: it is unlawful to physically hold or support a wireless device while driving (TCA 55-8-199).", "source_url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/111/pub/pc0412.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-30" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Tennessee requires you to move into a lane that isn't next to a stopped emergency, utility or highway-maintenance vehicle with flashing lights. If that isn't safe, slow down (TCA 55-8-132).", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/tdot/work-with-us/move-over-law.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State ban: local authorities may not operate red-light cameras (HB 1631, 2019); no speed-camera authority either. Statewide prohibition.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.707.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper-height or suspension-lift limit; only general max vehicle height of 14 ft under Tex. Transp. Code §621.207.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.621.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 25% of light through. Windshield tint must be non-reflective and is limited to the top 5 inches, above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top. (Tex. Transp. Code 547.613)", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Under-21 must wear; 21+ exempt if completed safety course or have $10k+ medical insurance. Tex. Transp. Code 661.003.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.661.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Texas requires two plates: a motor vehicle must display two license plates, one on the front and one on the rear under Department of Motor Vehicles placement rules. Motorcycles, trailers, and road tractors display one plate (Tex. Transp. Code § 504.943).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/GetStatute.aspx?Code=TN&Value=504.943", "verified_at": "2026-07-24" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Texas requires you to move over a lane, or slow to 20 mph below the posted limit, for stopped emergency, tow, utility and Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) vehicles with their lights activated (Transp. Code 545.157).", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/docs/txTranspCode545157.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar interference devices — jammers and scramblers — are prohibited in Texas, and a violation is a Class C misdemeanor (Tex. Transp. Code 547.616).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm#547.616", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Metal studs prohibited; only rubber protuberances or safety tire chains allowed — Tex. Transp. Code 547.612.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working condition so it doesn't make excessive or unusual noise. A cutout, bypass or similar device (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited. Texas sets no fixed decibel limit (Tex. Transp. Code § 547.604).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Texas has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texas bans texting only: reading, writing, or sending an electronic message while driving is illegal, but holding the phone to talk is still allowed. See Tex. Transp. Code 545.4251.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.545.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler or other effective noise-suppressing system in good working order. A cut-out, bypass or similar device (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited. Utah sets no fixed decibel limit (Utah Code § 41-6a-1626).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6A/41-6a-S1626.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Utah requires two plates: one in front and one in the rear. The front-plate requirement is secondary enforcement (Utah Code 41-1a-404).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter1a/41-1a-S404.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through, with a 5% variance allowed. On the windshield, only the top 4 inches may carry non-reflective tint. (Utah Code 41-6a-1635)", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S1635.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Oct 15–Mar 31 (studs <=0.050 in.); not over 9,000 lbs except emergency/school — Utah Code 41-6a-1636.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S1636.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jamming devices, including laser jammers, are prohibited in vehicles on Utah highways (Utah Code 41-6a-609).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S609.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Utah requires you to reduce your speed, give space and change lanes if it is safe, for stationary emergency, highway-maintenance and tow vehicles with flashing lights (41-6a-904).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/C41-6a-S904_2023050320230503.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Utah has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Utah bans handheld texting, dialing, internet use, video, and data entry while driving, but handheld voice calls are still allowed (Utah Code 41-6a-1716).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S1716.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Utah caps frame height by weight class: 24 in under 4,500 lb, 26 in for 4,500-7,500 lb, or 28 in over 7,500 lb. The body can be raised no more than 3 in, and front lift blocks are prohibited. (Utah Code 41-6a-1631 & 1633.)", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/C41-6a-S1631_2015051220150512.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Photo radar (speed) allowed only in school zones or areas <=30 mph, with an officer present, posted signs, and local approval (41-6a-608).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/C41-6a-S608_1800010118000101.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 21; 21+ exempt. UCA 41-6a-1505.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S1505.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 50% of light through in total. Windshield tint is allowed only above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top, roughly the top 5 inches. (Va. Code 46.2-1052)", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1052/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Local-option red-light cameras (15.2-968.1); photo speed cameras only in work zones, school crossing zones, and high-risk intersection segments (46.2-882.1).", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-882.1/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Virginia requires hands-free driving: it is unlawful to hold a handheld personal communications device while driving. The rule has been in place since 2021 (Va. Code 46.2-818.2).", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-818.2/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar and laser jammers are banned in Virginia — a device that interferes with speed measurement is unlawful (Va. Code 46.2-1079).", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1079/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "In Virginia, when you approach a stopped vehicle showing blue, red or amber lights or hazard flashers — police, fire, tow and utility vehicles — change into a lane that isn't next to it if it's safe. If it isn't, slow down and proceed with caution.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-861.1/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs an exhaust system in good working order so it doesn't make excessive or unusual noise. Chambered pipes count as a violation. Virginia sets no fixed decibel limit (Va. Code § 46.2-1049).", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1049/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Oct 15–Apr 15 (studs <=1/16 in., <=3% surface, <=10,000 lbs) — Va. Code 46.2-1044.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1044/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Virginia requires two plates: one on the front and one on the rear. This is still current as of 2026 — repeal efforts have failed (Va. Code 46.2-715).", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter6/section46.2-715/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: all motorcycle operators and passengers must wear protective helmets. Va. Code 46.2-910.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-910/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar detectors are banned in all vehicles in Virginia, and selling them is also unlawful (Va. Code 46.2-1079).", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1079/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Virginia caps bumper height at 14-22 in on cars, and up to 28-31 in on trucks by weight class. The body can be raised no more than 3 in, and the front bumper can't sit 4 in or more above the rear (Virginia's \"squatted truck\" ban). (Va. Code 46.2-1063.)", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1063/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "At Vermont inspection, bumper height caps at 22 in on cars, and 24-28 in front / 26-31 in rear on trucks and multipurpose vehicles by weight class. The gap between the body and frame can be no more than 4 in. (Vermont DMV inspection rule VN-113.)", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/WorkGroups/Senate%20Transportation/Agency%20of%20Transportation/W~Bob%20Church~VN-113%20Periodic%20Inspection%20Manual~3-3-2023.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No general speed/red-light cameras; only a temporary pilot (S.184/Act 135, 2024) authorizes speed cameras in limited-access-highway work zones.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/S.184", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no one may operate or ride a motorcycle without approved headgear, any age. 23 V.S.A. 1256.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01256", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Vermont, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Vermont has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "In Vermont, when you approach a stopped police, ambulance, fire, rescue, or tow or repair vehicle showing signal lights, move over a lane on multilane roads if it's safe. If it isn't, slow down (23 V.S.A. 1050).", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01050", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Vermont has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/title/23", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler with baffle plates. Gutted mufflers, cutouts (which route exhaust around the muffler), straight pipes, and noise-amplifying changes are prohibited. Vermont has no decibel limit on the books (23 V.S.A. § 1221).", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01221", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Aftermarket tint is banned on the windshield and the front side windows. The only exception is a medical exemption. (23 V.S.A. 1125)", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01125", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Vermont requires hands-free driving: you can't use a portable electronic device in your hand while driving, and that includes when you are stopped in traffic (23 VSA 1095b).", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01095b", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Vermont requires two plates: when two plates are furnished — which is standard for cars — one goes on the front and one on the rear (23 V.S.A. 511).", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/007/00511", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded tires legal year-round; no seasonal restriction on studs/cleats — 23 V.S.A. 1092.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01092", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Allowed only by local ordinance, limited to red-light (signal), railroad crossing, and school speed zones; broader speed cameras only via narrow pilots.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.63.170", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "In Washington, near a stopped emergency vehicle, tow truck, roadside-assistance vehicle, or highway-maintenance or utility vehicle showing lights, move over a lane if it's safe. If it isn't, slow down.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.61.212", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Washington requires hands-free driving: using a personal electronic device — holding it or engaging with it — while driving is a traffic infraction (RCW 46.61.672).", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.61.672", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Washington requires bumpers at least 4.5 in tall and caps their height by weight class (set in WAC 204-10-022). Suspension lifts are allowed as long as the bumpers stay within those limits. (RCW 46.37.513; WAC 204-10-022.)", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=204-10-022", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Washington has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Nov 1–Mar 31 (extensions possible); prohibited rest of year — Wash. Rev. Code 46.37.420 / WSDOT.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37.420", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: every operator and passenger must wear a DOT helmet, no age exception. RCW 46.37.530.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37.530", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler in good working order. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited, and so is exhaust amplified beyond the factory muffler. Washington sets no decibel limit in statute (RCW § 46.37.390).", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37.390", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 24% of light through. On the windshield, only the top 6 inches may carry non-reflective tint, and it must not extend into the AS-1 area — the marking near the top. (Wash. Rev. Code 46.37.430)", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37.430", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Washington requires two plates: cars are issued two plates, and both must be displayed, one on the front and one on the rear (RCW 46.16A.200).", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.16A.200", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Washington, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Washington has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Wisconsin requires two plates: when two plates are issued — which is standard for cars — one goes on the front and one on the rear (Wis. Stat. 341.15(1)).", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/341.15?view=section", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State ban on photo radar: state and local authorities may not use photographic speed detection; no general red-light/speed camera authority (349.02(3)).", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/349/I/02/3", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Wisconsin, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Wisconsin has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 50% of light through, and the tint must be non-reflective. Windshield tint is allowed only above the AS-1 (or \"A\") mark on the windshield. (Wis. Admin. Code Trans 305.34)", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/trans/305/ii/34", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Wisconsin has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/347", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Studded tires prohibited for residents; allowed only on emergency/school/mail vehicles and out-of-state cars passing <=30 days — Wis. Stat. 347.45.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/347/iii/45", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs an adequate muffler operating at all times. Cutouts and bypasses (which route exhaust around the muffler) are prohibited, along with changes that amplify noise beyond the factory muffler. Wisconsin sets no fixed decibel limit (Wis. Stat. § 347.39).", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/347/iii/39", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Wisconsin bans texting and email only: you can't compose or send a text while driving, but adults may still hold the phone to talk. See Wis. Stat. 346.89(3).", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/346/XIII/89", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Required for riders under 18 and instructional-permit holders; 18+ licensed riders exempt. Wis. Stat. 347.485.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/347.485", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Wisconsin requires you to move into a lane that isn't next to a stopped emergency or roadside-service vehicle showing warning lights — police, fire, ambulance, tow, utility and maintenance vehicles — or to slow down.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/346/ii/072", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "In Wisconsin, suspension, axle, or chassis changes can't raise a vehicle more than 4 in above its factory height - or 5 in for 4WDs and trucks up to 8,000 lb. (Wis. Stat. 347.455.)", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/347.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler — factory (OEM) or equivalent — in good working order. A cutout, bypass or similar device (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited. West Virginia sets no fixed decibel limit (W. Va. Code § 17C-15-34).", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-34/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "West Virginia requires only a rear plate: the plate is attached to the rear. Only truck tractors and road tractors mount their plate on the front (WV Code 17A-3-15).", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17A-3-15/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "West Virginia requires all drivers to go hands-free: you may not physically hold or support a device, and you may not make handheld calls (WV Code 17C-14-15).", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-14-15/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in West Virginia, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. West Virginia has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no one may operate or ride a motorcycle without a secured helmet, any age. WV Code 17C-15-44.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-44/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "For vehicles up to 10,000 lb, West Virginia requires bumpers to sit 6-31 in off the ground, prohibits front lift blocks, and limits a body lift to 3 in over the factory spacer. (W. Va. Code 17C-15-48.)", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-48/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 35% of light through, and the tint can't reflect more than 20% of light. Windshield tint is limited to the top 5 inches, above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top. (W. Va. Code 17C-15-36a)", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-36A/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State ban: no officer may use a traffic-law photo-monitoring device, and camera evidence cannot prove red-light or speed violations (17C-6-7a).", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-6-7A/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "In West Virginia, when you approach a stopped vehicle showing flashing or hazard lights, change lanes away from it if you can. If you can't, slow to 15 mph on an undivided road or 25 mph on a divided one. A 2025 change expanded the law to cover all vehicles.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-14-9a/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Nov 1–Apr 15 — W. Va. Code 17C-15-37.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-37/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — West Virginia has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded tires legal year-round; studs must not materially injure road surface — Wyo. Stat. 31-5-956.", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-22" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for minors (under 18); adults exempt. Wyo. Stat. 31-5-115.", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/StateStatutes/StatutesDownload", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Wyoming requires two plates: one on the front of the vehicle and one on the rear (Wyo. Stat. 31-2-205).", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-22" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/frame/ride-height or lift-kit limit; only general 14-ft overall height cap and safe-condition equipment rules; mudflaps required.", "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-08-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No Title 31 statute authorizes photo enforcement; existing intersection cameras record data only and are not admissible to issue citations.", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/StateStatutes/StatutesDownload", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Your vehicle needs a muffler or other effective noise-suppressing system in good working order. A cut-out, bypass or similar device (which routes exhaust around the muffler) is prohibited. Wyoming sets no fixed decibel limit (Wyo. Stat. § 31-5-953).", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-22" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Wyoming bans texting only: you can't write, send, or read a text-based message while driving. Handheld calls and voice use are allowed (Wyo. Stat. 31-5-237).", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-22" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must let at least 28% of light through in total, and the tint must be non-reflective. Windshield tint is limited to the top 5 inches, above the AS-1 line — the marking near the top. (Wyo. Stat. 31-5-962)", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal in Wyoming, because they're illegal nationwide under federal law. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bans operating, selling, or marketing any jamming device, and there's no way to get FCC approval for one. Wyoming has no separate jammer law of its own on file, so the federal ban is what applies (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333).", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors are legal in passenger vehicles — Wyoming has no state ban on them.", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/StateStatutes/StatutesDownload", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Wyoming requires you to move into the farthest lane for stopped emergency, municipal, utility or highway-maintenance vehicles. On two-lane roads with a limit of 45 mph or higher, slow to 20 mph below the limit instead.", "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" } ] }